Wiki Styles

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authors (basic, advanced)

WikiStyles allow authors to modify the color and other styling attributes of the contents of a page. A WikiStyle is written using percent-signs, as in %red% or %bgcolor=lightblue%.

WikiStyle attributes

The style attributes recognized within a WikiStyle specification are:

------------ CSS -------------

--HTML--

 bgcolor
 background-color
 border¹
 color
 display
 float
 clear
 overflow
 font-size
 font-family
 font-weight
 font-style

 heightfn
 list-style
 margin¹
 padding¹
 text-align
 text-decoration
 white-space
 widthfn

 accesskey 
 align
 class
 hspace 
 id 
 target 
 rel 
 vspace 
 value
 reversed

 Special: define, apply

The attributes in the first two columns correspond to the cascading style sheet (CSS) properties of the same name. The attributes in the last column apply only to specific items:

class= and id= assign a CSS class or identifier to an HTML element
target=name opens links that follow in a browser window called "name"
rel=name in a link identifies the relationship of a target page
accesskey=x uses 'x' as a shortcut key for the link that follows
value=9 sets the number of the current ordered list item
- The width and height attributes have asterisks because they are handled specially for <img .../> tags. If used by themselves (i.e., without anything providing an "apply=" parameter to the WikiStyle), then they set the 'width=' and 'height=' attributes of any <img ... /> tags that follow. Otherwise, they set the 'width:' and 'height:' properties of the element being styled.
1. margin, padding, and border can be suffixed by -left, -right, -top, and -bottom

WikiStyles versus CSS styles

WikiStyles, as written in the wiki page, are not exactly CSS styles or CSS classes. WikiStyles allow authors to use both pre-defined by the administrator CSS classes, and to define new combinations of styles, without any need to edit/update local CSS files on the server.

Note that PmWiki allows advanced authors to use of class= and style= in tables and division blocks, but these are raw HTML attributes, and not WikiStyles; knowledge of CSS is required to use them.

Text color and font

The most basic use of WikiStyles is to change text attributes such as color, background color, and font. PmWiki defines several WikiStyles for changing the text color to %black%, %white%, %red%, %yellow%, %blue%, %gray% (%grey%), %silver%, %maroon%, %green%, %navy%, %fuchsia%, %olive%, %lime%, %teal%, %aqua%, %orange% and %purple%.

The basket contains %red% apples, %blue% blueberries, %purple% eggplant, %green% limes, %% and more.

The basket contains apples, blueberries, eggplant, limes, and more.

For colors other than the predefined colors, use the %color=...% WikiStyle. (Note: RGB colors (#rrggbb) should always be specified with lowercase letters to avoid WikiWord conflicts.)

I'd like to have some %color=#ff7f00% tangerines%%,  too!

I'd like to have some tangerines, too!

To change the background color, use %bgcolor=...% as a WikiStyle:

This sentence contains %bgcolor=green yellow% yellow text on a green background.

This sentence contains yellow text on a green background.

See WikiStyle Colors for more color help.

Text justification

WikiStyles are used to control the text justification

%center% This text is centered. 

%right% Right justified.

This text is centered.

Right justified.

and to create floating text:

%rfloat% This text floats to the right

%rframe% floats to the right with a frame

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer sadipscing elitr

This text floats to the right

floats to the right with a frame

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer sadipscing elitr

Scope

WikiStyles can also specify a scope; with no scope, the style is applied to any text that follows up to the next WikiStyle specification or the end of the paragraph, whichever comes first. The apply= attribute and its shortcuts allow to change the scope as follows:

apply attribute	shortcut	style applies to...
`%apply=img ...%`	-	all images that follow until another style applied
`%apply=p ...%`	`%p ...%`	the current paragraph
`%apply=pre ...%`	-	the current preformatted text
`%apply=list ...%`	`%list ...%`	the current list
`%apply=item ...%`	`%item ...%`	the current list item
`%apply=div ...%`	-	the current div
`%apply=block ...%`	`%block ...%`	to the current block, whether it's a paragraph, list, list item, heading, or division.

Thus, %p color=blue% is the same as %apply=p color=blue%, and %list ROMAN% is the same as %apply=list list-style=upper-roman%.

Some predefined style shortcuts also make use of apply, thus %right% is a shortcut for %text-align=right apply=block%.

Example: Apply a style to a paragraph:

%p bgcolor=#ffeeee% The WikiStyle specification at the beginning of this line applies to the entire paragraph, even if there are %blue% other WikiStyle specifications %% in the middle of the paragraph.

The WikiStyle specification at the beginning of this line applies to the entire paragraph, even if there are other WikiStyle specifications in the middle of the paragraph.

Caveat: An applied WikiStyle will only take effect if it's on the line that starts the thing it's supposed to modify. In other words, a WikiStyle in the third markup line of a paragraph can't change the attributes of the paragraph:

after the first line of the paragraph,
we try to %apply=p color=blue% change color.
This doesn't work because the style comes after the first line of the paragraph.

after the first line of the paragraph, we try to change color. This doesn't work because the style comes after the first line of the paragraph.

However, this %apply=p color=red% paragraph
''will'' be in red because its block style does
occur in the first line of its text.

However, this paragraph will be in red because its block style does occur in the first line of its text.

* Here's a list item
* %list red% Oops, too late to affect the list!

Here's a list item
Oops, too late to affect the list!

If you want to break a list in two, you need to have a line not part of the list between, that is a line that has any content other than space and newlines, otherwise PmWiki considers the vertical space part of the previous list item. You can have an non-breaking space, or the escaped null character:

* %list red% first item
* second item
&nbsp;
* %apply=list bgcolor=lightgreen% second list - first item
* second list - second item
[==]
* %list class=mambo% third list - first item
* third list - second item

first item
second item

second list - first item
second list - second item

third list - first item
third list - second item

Larger blocks

The >>WikiStyle<< block can be used to apply a WikiStyle to a large block of items. The style is applied until the next >><< is encountered.

>>blue font-style:italic bgcolor=#ffffcc<<
Everything after the above line is styled with blue italic text,

This includes
    preformatted %red%text%%
* lists
-> indented items
>><<

Everything after the above line is styled with blue italic text,

This includes

    preformatted text

lists

indented items

Note, the (:div style="..." class="...":) directive does not work the same way as >>WikiStyle<<, it can only contain the regular HTML style and class attributes.

HTML "class" and "style" attributes for tables and divisions

WikiStyles are only the commands between %...% percent signs.

Tables, table directives and (:div:) division blocks allow advanced authors to incorporate the HTML/CSS attributes class= and style=. Note that these attributes are not WikiStyles, knowledge of CSS is required to use them.

(:table style="font-style:italic; color:green; border:1px solid blue; background-color:#ffffcc":)
(:cellnr:)
Everything after the above line is styled with green italic text,

This includes
    preformatted text
* lists
-> indented items
(:tableend:)

Everything after the above line is styled with green italic text,

This includes

    preformatted text

lists

indented items

Note, the (:div style="..." class="...":) directive does not work the same way as >>style<<, as mentioned above, it can only contain the HTML style and class attributes.

Custom style shortcuts

The define= attribute can be used to assign a shorthand name to any WikiStyle specification. This shorthand name can then be reused in later WikiStyle specifications.

%define=box block bgcolor=#ddddff border="2px dotted blue"%

%box% [@some sort of text@]

%box font-weight=bold color=green% [@some sort of text@]

some sort of text

Tip: It's often a good idea to put common style definitions into Group Header pages so that they can be shared among multiple pages in a group. Or, the wiki administrator can predefine styles site-wide as a local customization (see Custom WikiStyles).

Tip: Use custom style definitions to associate meanings with text instead of just colors. For example, if warnings are to be displayed as green text, set %define=warn green% and then use %warn% instead of %green% in the document. Then, if you later decide that warnings should be styled differently, it's much easier to change the (one) definition than many occurrences of %green% in the text.

Tip: Any undefined WikiStyle is automatically treated as a request for a class, thus %pre% is the same as saying %class=pre%.

Predefined style shortcuts

PmWiki defines a number of style shortcuts.

Text colors: black, white, red, yellow, blue, gray (grey), silver, maroon, green, navy, purple, fuchsia, olive, lime, teal, aqua, orange (shortcut for %color=...%)
Justification: %center% and %right%
Images and boxes
- Floating left or right: %rfloat% and %lfloat%
- Framed items: %frame%, %rframe%, and %lframe%
- Thumbnail sizing: %thumb%
Open link in new window: %newwin% (shortcut for %target=_blank%)
Comments: %comment% (shortcut for %display=none%). This is not meant to hide secrets, as the hidden content is still printed into the HTML source of the page -- readable to bots (and may appear in web searches) or via "View: Source" and "View: Page Style: None" in the browser.
Ordered lists: %decimal%, %roman%, %ROMAN%, %alpha%, %ALPHA%, %reversed% (see also Cookbook:OutlineLists)

Enabling the "Syntax Highlight" code beautifier library

This section is about highlighting code in various programming languages using an external library. Instead, or in addition, to enable highlighting of the PmWiki's own markup language syntax in the documentation and/or the edit form, see $EnablePmSyntax.

Since version 2.2.119, PmWiki makes it relatively easy to enable syntax highlighting for preformatted text blocks, wrapped in [@escaped@] markup blocks.''

To enable syntax highlighting, add to config.php:

  $EnableHighlight = 1;
  $HTMLHeaderFmt['Highlight'] = '
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/highlightjs/cdn-release@latest/build/styles/default.min.css" />
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/highlightjs/cdn-release@latest/build/highlight.min.js"></script>';

This loads the Highlight.js library from a global CDN, but you can copy these 2 files to your pub directory and link to them instead.

Then, in a wiki page, you can use the %highlight% or %hlt% wikistyles, and the language to mark your code blocks.

Either immediately before the code block:

%hlt php%[@
  function SDVA(&$var,$val)
    { foreach($val as $k=>$v) if (!isset($var[$k])) $var[$k]=$v; }
  function IsEnabled(&$var,$f=0)
    { return (isset($var)) ? $var : $f; }
@]

  function SDVA(&$var,$val)
    { foreach($val as $k=>$v) if (!isset($var[$k])) $var[$k]=$v; }
  function IsEnabled(&$var,$f=0)
    { return (isset($var)) ? $var : $f; }

Or in a wrapping division block:

>>highlight css<<
[@
  /* These adjust the size and spacing of heading elements */
  h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { margin:1.0em 0 .6em 0; }
  h1, h2, h3, h6 { font-weight:normal; }
  h4, h5 { font-weight:bold; }
@]
>><<

  /* These adjust the size and spacing of heading elements */
  h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { margin:1.0em 0 .6em 0; }
  h1, h2, h3, h6 { font-weight:normal; }
  h4, h5 { font-weight:bold; }

If you have the feature correctly enabled you will see the syntax highlighting of the above code.

Enabling Styles

Styles not listed above can be enabled by a PmWiki Administrator by modifying the local/config.php file. For instance to enable the "line-height" style attribute add the following line to the local/config.php file:

$WikiStyleCSS[] = 'line-height';

Defining scope for other HTML elements

You can add additional HTML elements to $WikiStyleApply to apply WikiStyles to other HTML elements. For example to allow styling on anchor tags:

$WikiStyleApply['link'] = 'a';

Examples

WikiStyle Examples contains a number of examples of ways to use WikiStyles in pages.

Known Issues

Percents in style definitions (like: %block width=50% %) require the use of "pct" instead of "%". PmWiki will convert the "pct" into "%" so that it becomes valid CSS.
If you specify multiple values for an attribute, like border="2px solid blue" make sure you place the values in quotes.
Be sure to use lowercase letters for red-green-blue hex colors, %color=#aa3333% will work, %color=#AA3333% may not.